Agriculture- the science, art, or practice of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock and in varying degrees the preparation and marketing of the resulting products (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Anthropogenic,-  of, relating to or resulting from the influence of human beings on nature (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Aqueducts- a structure for conveying a canal over a river or hollow ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Carcasses- a dead body ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Commercial fishing-  the activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial profit, mostly from wild fisheries ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Commodity- an economic good ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Culverts- a transverse drain (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Degradation- decline to a low, destitute, or demoralized state (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Dense- marked by compactness or crowding together of parts (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Dikes- an artificial watercourse (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Economic stimulation- the use of monetary or fiscal policy changes to kickstart growth during a recession ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Endangerment- the act of putting someone or something at risk or in danger ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Estuarine- partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river where its freshwater, carrying fertile silt and runoff from the land, mixes with salty seawater (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Extinct- Complete disappearance of a species from the earth ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Feces- bodily waste/ discharge ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Flood control plans- methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters         ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Food web- a complex network of many interconnected food chains and feeding relationships.

( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Genetic- of, relating to, caused by, or controlled by genes (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Gross state product- the market value of the goods and services produced by the labor and property located in a state ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Hydroelectric dam- Structure in which the energy of falling or flowing water spins a turbine generator to produce electricity ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Implement- an article serving to equip ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Indicator species- species whose decline serve as early warnings that a community or ecosystem is being degraded. (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Juveniles- young salmon ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Keystone species- Species that play roles affecting many other organisms in an ecosystem ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Levees-  elongated naturally occurring ridge or artificially constructed fill or wall, which regulates water levels (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Mass fishing- the sport or business of catching fish in large quantities (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Niche- the role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Nutrient recycler- an organism that helps with the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of matter ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Non-profit- not conducted or maintained for the purpose of making a profit (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Parasites- an organism living in, with, or on another organism in parasitism ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Petitions- a formal written request made to an official person or organized body  (Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Predators- Organism that captures and feeds on some or all parts of an organism of another species

(Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Recreational fishing- fishing for pleasure or competition (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Reinstate-  to restore to a previous effective state (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Reservoirs- an artificial lake where water is collected and kept in quantity for use (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Restoration- bringing back to a former position or condition (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Rippling effect- the continuing and spreading results of an event or action ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Rural- of or relating to the country, country people or life, or agriculture ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Self-sustaining- maintaining or able to maintain itself once commenced ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Silt- loose sedimentary material with rock particles usually ¹/₂₀ millimeter or less in diameter; also : soil containing 80 percent or more of such silt and less than 12 percent of clay (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Smolt-  a young salmon after the parr stage, when it becomes silvery and migrates to the sea for the first time (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Spatial Structure- concerns the arrangement of public and private space in cities and the degree of connectivity and accessibility ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

Spawning point- a place where animals go to lay eggs ( Merriam-Webster, 2017)

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration- scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Trophic cascade- when predators in a food web suppress the abundance or alter the behavior of their prey, thereby releasing the next lower trophic level from predation recreational fishing (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Umatilla tribe- The Umatilla are a Sahaptin-speaking Native American tribe who traditionally inhabited the Columbia Plateau region of the northwestern United States  (CRITFC, 2017)

Upstream- in the direction opposite to the flow of a stream (Cengage Learning, 2012)

Watersheds-  Land area that delivers water, sediment, and dissolved substances via small streams to a major stream (Cengage Learning, 2012)